In 2017, a conspiracy theory that Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari had died in a London hospital and was replaced with a body double called ‘Jubril’ from Sudan surfaced in popular discourse. This occurred after Buhari had spent three months undergoing medical treatment in London for an undisclosed illness. The President’s location outside of Nigeria, in the country that was its former colonizer, gave shape to different versions of the conspiracy theory, with suggestions that British Nigerian political elites were behind the replacement of the President and were hiding his alleged death.
Anxieties around the President were initially provoked by a tweet on 19 May 2017, in which Eric Joyce, a British politician, tweeted that the President was dead. President Buhari had last been seen in public two weeks earlier. Eric Joyce’s tweet triggered Nigerians who were looking to escape a repeat of the power vacuum that had been experienced in the country after the death of a previous sitting president, Umaru Yar’Adua, who died in similar and somewhat mysterious circumstances in 2010.
Narratives that the president was a clone emerged in public discourse following President Buhari's public reappearance and return to Nigeria from the UK in August 2017. The first identified online appearance of the clone conspiracy theory was a YouTube video created by Nnamdi Kanu, leader of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a secessionist group in southeastern Nigeria, in September 2017. The group had been seizing opportunities during election windows to insert itself into broader political debates by whipping up regional sentiments of marginalization and political apathy. It had used a range of mainstream and social media channels to call the attention of the international community to its agitations and the illegal detention/trial of its leader. The body double conspiracy theory was picked up in the Nigerian media and widely spread through different forms of popular communication in Nigeria, resulting in Buhari publicly acknowledging and confronting the conspiracy theory. On 2 December 2018, Buhari insisted during an event in Poland, ‘It’s [the] real me, I assure you.’ The IPOB leader responded, tweeting:
If Buhari is not dead and replaced by Jubril from Sudan, why won't the Nigerian government sue Eric Joyce, a former British lawmaker, for peddling lies? They can’t because they know I am speaking the truth. @AsoRock @ericjoyce @NGRPresident @UKParliament @NGRSenate @WhiteHouse t.co/qqrKHPmtNy
In this article, this conspiracy theory that President Buhari was a clone is addressed as an opportunity to question the superficial confidence with which conspiracy theories have been dismissed as aberrations and negative externalities of digital ecosystems and their supporters as threats to an ostensibly deliberative public sphere. While not pitched in defense of conspiracy theories, it seeks to examine them without the comfortable protection of post-enlightenment normativity and to remind us how injunctions to ‘speak civilly’ or ‘think rationally’ tend to reproduce tropes from a colonial past, dismissing or erasing other forms of knowledge/reasoning used to make sense of the world to speak to power.

The arguments and analyses we advance here are closely related to those we presented in a previous article (Gagliardone et al.,
Citation
2021), where we empirically illustrated how this explorative, rather than normative, approach allows us to grasp how individuals do not simply fall for, embrace, or support a conspiracy theory but can ‘do’ specific and distinct things with/through them. In that article, we comparatively analyzed how conspiracy theories circulating at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic were seized by some Nigerian users and politicians as opportunities to criticize the ruling party, while in South Africa the same conspiracy theories became a vehicle to voice deep-rooted resentment towards the West and corporate interests.

President of the Dangote Group, Alhaji Aliko Dangote, has said that Nigeria’s daily petrol consumption figure is higher than what the country consumes, stressing that the petroleum sector is riddled with corruption.

Dangote said the figure was bloated by some individuals for personal gains, especially during the fuel subsidy era.

However, while marketers agreed with Dangote on Monday that there is corruption in the petroleum sector, they argued that the daily petrol consumption volume fluctuates and cannot be put at a single figure, saying it should be around 40 million barrels per day.

Also, crude oil refiners said there should be fresh findings to determine the country’s real consumption figure; otherwise, the debate and argument would continue for a long time.

Speaking with members of the Global CEO Africa who visited the Dangote Petroleum Refinery recently, Dangote said he did not want to venture into the petroleum sector because of the corruption in the system. According to him, the country’s daily petrol consumption was not up to 40 million litres.

Paul persuaded me to join the band. I would never have had the courage otherwise. It was fun at the beginning. We were playing just for fun, with Paul's group

Title: Zombies 4_Dawn of the Vampire. Zed and Addison discover the warring worlds of sunnyside and shadside on a summer road trip after their first year of college, encountering two new groups of monsters. Starring: Meg Donnelly, Milo Manheim

THE SCIENCE OF SIGNS

Semiotics is the study of signs. A sign comprises two components: the signifier is the denotative level, and the signified is the connotation. A sign can be an icon, symbol or index. An icon is physically similar to the object or what it stands for; its literal sense refers to the signifier, e.g. a photo of a tree or the letters that spell tree, while its connotative sign pertains to its meaning. A symbol pattern refers to an interpretive habit or a norm of a learned behaviour like a play or pause button. In contrast, an index correlates with sensory information, e.g., fire smoke or car skidding noise. Language serves as a sign that we can read ‘Lamborghini’, and it can evoke similar images in our mind by spelling the word.’ We all recognize that it denotes a car. However, the sign consists of letters of the alphabet, and its connotative level conveys a deeper meaning, e.g., wealth and status, exclusivity and prestige. On the level of associated myths, which is a secondary sign, it is a myth of success and freedom. Its cultural sign is tied to broader ideologies of wealth, individuality, and power. It serves as both a functional object and a social statement.

An English rose is a flower; however, a red rose can symbolise love, romance, and beauty. It is used in romantic settings, while yellow roses may have a different meaning and could be more appropriate in a friendship context. A sign is always interpreted in context. For example, if Warren Buffet were speaking about money, his context would generate a completely different vibe than that of a corrupt prosperity preacher. They are using the same dollar note, yet the meanings generated reflect two different attitudes, even though the money possesses no inherent meaning—it's merely paper representing currency. Its connotative meaning is always interpreted differently, depending on who we are, as we see life through our worldview. Someone who believes in the stories of a prosperity preacher will form a different image in the meaning-making mind compared to one who sees through his antics. We create the meaning.

The ocean can be a place of rest where people enjoy a leisurely swim, while for others, it may provoke fear if they have recently encountered a shark. So, even though it’s the same location, the interpretations of reality or the signified meaning can have different connotations. Consider the word marriage; in most people's minds, it represents a union between a male and a female, but in other cultures, marriage may encompass multiple wives. According to the Bible, marriage is only between two people. Same-sex marriage has been normalised in many cultures, while gender-based violence can be accepted in some, leading to a belief that it is acceptable for women to be abused in a cultural context.

Nowadays, due to the globalised internet, we must ensure we share a common conceptual map of the world when discussing various concepts. This way, when we interpret signs that represent concepts, we need a thorough analysis of what we mean to minimise the chances of misinterpretation. We should never assume that everyone will derive the same conative meaning from a sign. We might discover that individuals have attached different connotations. We must not assume that someone from a completely different nation will share that same value just because something is socially acceptable or unacceptable to us.

We don't simply knock on a stranger’s door expecting a warm welcome; it requires a level of trust and background knowledge. For that access, the people we trust are vital; that’s why we have boundaries. Yet, because we all begin reasoning from different social locations, cultures, and economic, scientific, technological, religious, and philosophical backgrounds, we will not share the same premises from which we make our decisions. No one has the same experiences. The fact that you grew up on a different street with a unique life experience already illustrates the law of difference. Even if you lived next door and were raised by Indian parents in a foreign land, it means you will experience life differently and interpret signs in a distinct way. It cannot be compared to your neighbour’s experiences.

Although we may share a conceptual understanding of the economic and political system socialisation has imparted similar lessons due to our common culture. It functions like a membrane, working collectively within the groups from which we originate. However, just as there are molecular cells and membranes, they represent different components of the whole, yet they unite in agreement to operate as one cell. That is akin to culture. It emerges through the socialisation of various systems: family, shared economy, shared education, shared politics, create common values. Consequently, we are more likely to interpret signs in a similar way. For instance, if another culture were to perceive the connotative meaning of a national flag, it would lack relativity to them; instead, it simply symbolizes a nation through its colours and symbols that represent something significant.

Thus, we must consider this when using language. Although it may be understood in English, it doesn't necessarily mean that the connotative level of the sign holds the same significance. Since our minds work so quickly in processing information, we rarely pause to dissect it and reach a deeper understanding of different perspectives, as this is part of the logic of viewpoint we gain from various places. It's fascinating to analyse thought processes to truly grasp why someone’s perspective matters. All too often, we dismiss people because their standpoint differs so much, yet we should take the time to comprehend the logic behind their thinking, as it originates from where they have gathered their information.

Something profound I've observed is that when someone speaks with authority, even if their words are full of deception, others may not be thorough enough to grasp all the nuances in the speech act. They fail to detect falsehoods because the speaker sounds so convincing, especially if they are a respected authority figure. Thus, at the level of the sign, the denotative meaning is shared, but the connotative meaning is interpreted differently. That’s why we must consider who is interpreting the sign and what the context is to reach deeper understandings. It’s essential to question all thinking, including my own. It doesn’t matter who the person is; we are all prone to human error. The only one who is perfect is God. We can make mistakes without even realising it. If we look around at all the deception in this world, every person who is convinced of that deception as the truth is real in their mind. You can see this in people who live in superstition, such as walking under a ladder. This is the second level of myth, where a new connotative meaning tells another story. While we know, hypothetically, that it is not the truth, some will not agree because that is how they perceive the world when they see someone walk under a ladder and believe it.

Currently, I have been listening to a man who has tremendous insight, claiming up to 90% truth. Yet, he has categorised Christianity alongside other religions and views Jesus merely as a mystic. However, he has misunderstood the meanings he preaches and acts as if he knows the Bible. Yet, his interpretation is so erroneous it's not funny, and he has millions who follow him. It is because he has not encountered the kingdom. I could explain all his teachings if he had the right source of knowledge, which starts with God. But if the wrong connotative meaning is inferred, it leads down the wrong path. Therefore, the study of the science of signs is vital in these last days.

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IPOB PRESS RELEASE
9th July, 2025

RE: ANYONE COMPARING MAZI NNAMDI KANU TO A COWARDLY CONTENT CREATOR NEEDS PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION

The attention of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), under the supreme leadership of Onyendu Mazi Nnamdi Kanu, has been drawn to an utterly deranged and disgraceful narrative gaining traction among the intellectually bankrupt, in which cowards and charlatans—masquerading from foreign comfort zones as so-called “freedom fighters”—seek to compare Mazi Nnamdi Kanu to a self-proclaimed content creator and certified coward.

Let us state it categorically: anyone foolish or mentally impaired enough to draw such a comparison needs urgent psychiatric intervention. Comparing the indomitable Mazi Nnamdi Kanu—who has endured extraordinary rendition, solitary confinement, torture, and a seven-year political and legal onslaught—to a coward who publicly denied Biafra in open court is the height of lunacy.

MAZI NNAMDI KANU STANDS FOR DISCIPLINE, SACRIFICE, AND INTEGRITY
Unlike criminals hiding behind the mask of activism, Onyendu Mazi Nnamdi Kanu has always emphasized discipline, non-violence, and moral clarity in the Biafra restoration project. His record speaks for itself:

He wrote and spoke against criminality in the name of agitation.
He personally instructed his lawyer, Barrister Maxwell Opara, to travel to Finland to convey his displeasure over the atrocities being committed in his name. The coward in question refused to meet him.
He issued a handwritten directive from DSS detention ending the Monday sit-at-home policy—but was brazenly disobeyed by those intent on profiting from the blood of Biafrans.
In yet another remarkable act of responsibility, Mazi Nnamdi Kanu invited Benjamin Madubugwu, his former co-acussed and cellmate in Kuje (2015–2017), to visit him at the DSS dungeon. The purpose of that visit was simple: to deliver a personal message to Biafrans, declaring that no Igbo person had a hand in his abduction and rendition, and that all forms of criminality in the name of Biafra are evil and unacceptable.
That message—like every other instruction from our leader—was deliberately ignored by these impostors and opportunists.

THE THINGS MAZI NNAMDI KANU FORBIDS — ALL VIOLATED BY A COWARD IN HELSINKI
Let the records reflect that Mazi Nnamdi Kanu publicly forbade the following acts, all of which were later carried out by the cowardly fraudster now desperately seeking attention:

No Biafran should form a government in exile.
No Biafran should form an army or armed group.
No Biafran currency should be printed or sold.
No Biafra identity card should be created.
No Biafran passport should be printed or circulated.
Yet this Helsinki-based attention-seeker, lacking discipline or ideological clarity, violated every single one of these directives while claiming to “fight” for Biafra. Biafra is not a fantasy. It is not a YouTube show. It is not a plaything for criminals and cowards who find joy in extorting their own people.

How can any sane person declare a “government” in a barbing salon in Helsinki without the consent of the people? Is this how revolutions are led? Is this what Biafran republicanism has been reduced to?

BLOOD ON HIS HANDS — AND HE BOASTS OF IT
The man being falsely compared to Mazi Nnamdi Kanu once boasted openly that he killed Ikechukwu Ugwuoha, the IPOB Biafraland Coordinator. Who does that? What manner of beast celebrates the killing of fellow Biafrans? That some gullible followers still fawn over such a coward is the greatest disappointment to our leader and all those who gave their lives for Biafra.

IPOB REMAINS WHITER THAN WHITE — CLEANER THAN CLEAN
Let it be known to all that IPOB has nothing to do with the so-called “Biafra Government in Exile.” We are not part of that criminal syndicate. We do not endorse or recognize it. We do not kill, extort, or run rackets in the name of Biafra.

The inability of the Nigerian state to sustain any legitimate charge against our leader, despite multiple amendments and desperate media propaganda, is proof of the purity of our struggle and the discipline of our leadership. The Kenyan High Court has already declared his abduction unconstitutional. And despite all the torture and manipulation, Mazi Nnamdi Kanu remains unbroken—because he is fighting a just cause.

Let the world understand that when the dust settles, Mazi Nnamdi Kanu shall speak again, and the enemies within and without shall be exposed.

Biafra is not a hustle. Biafra is not for cowards. Biafra is not content for clicks.

COMRADE EMMA POWERFUL SPOKESPERSON/MEDIA AND PUBLICITY SECRETARY FOR IPOB.

#FreeMaziNnamdiKanuNow
#BiafraReferendumNow
#SelfDeterminationIsNotCrime

hie hide id . Ndokumbira mundiisirewo mu group or chanel maybe ndingawanawo help. Ndirimurume 34yrz of age ndaitawo dambudziko ndakaita marriage yekutanga tikakonana after mai ndawabatira madhiri awaiita Saka takasiyana 2019 ndazotdvagawo mumwe mukadzi mugore ra2021 first year zvinhu zvaifaya tikazvarawo kamwana kedu after mwana dambudziko rakauya rekusamira zvinesimba kwenhengo yangu zvichingodaro kusvika izvezvi nhengo yangu inomira chete kana ndirikure nemukadzi vangu ndakasvika paari yotovata kana akaibatasei haisikumuka ndatambura ndiiwo chingawa chii

PLEASE FAITHFULLY MAKE THESE SEVEN POWERFUL DECLARATION FOR YOUR CHILDREN BEFORE YOU SHARE IT TO SEVEN PARENTS.

1. NO MATTER
HOW LONG I
STAY ON
EARTH, I WILL
NEVER
EXPERIENCE
THE AGONY
AND TEARS
OF LOSING MY
CHILDREN TO
DEATH.

2. I WILL NEVER
KNOW THE
GRAVE OF MY
CHILDREN.

3. SICKNESS OF
CHILDREN WILL
NOT DRY ME
FINANCIALLY.

4. A CAR THAT IS
ACCOMPANIED
WITH PALM
FRONDS
WILL NEVER
ENTER MY
COMPOUND.

5. THE SAME
HAND I USED
TO BUY BOOKS
PEN AND
CLOTHES FOR
MY CHILDREN,
WILL NEVER BE
USED TO BUY
THEIR
CASKETS.

6. THE STAR OF
MY GLORIOUS
CHILDREN WILL
NOT FALL
SUDDENLY.

7. MY GLORIOUS
CHILDREN
WILL NOT BE
KIDNAPPED.

8. AS I USE MY
HANDS TO
SHARE THESE
DECLARATIONS
TO MY LOVED
ONES, I WILL
NOT USE THE
SAME HANDS
TO COLLECT
THE DEAD
BODY OF MY
CHILDREN
FROM THE
MORTUARY.,
AMEN

*PLEASE SHARE THESE PRAYERS WITH SEVEN PARENTS OR GROUPS

LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY (LCU) RELEASES ADMISSION FORM FOR 2025/2026 ACADEMIC SESSION

LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY (LCU) RELEASES ADMISSION FORM FOR 2025/2026 ACADEMIC SESSION
July 10, 2025
Marvellous
Private Universities
0 Comments

LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY (LCU) RELEASES ADMISSION FORM FOR 2025/2026 ACADEMIC SESSION

Admissions Now Open at Lead City University

Are you ready to begin your university journey? Lead City University is excited to announce that admissions are now open for the 2025/26 academic session. With a UTME score of 150, you can secure your spot at Lead City University and pursue your dream course.

About Lead City University

Lead City University is a reputable institution that prioritizes academic excellence, innovation, and student development. Our university offers a wide range of accredited undergraduate programs designed to shape tomorrow’s leaders in various fields.

Courses Offered

We offer a variety of courses in different fields, including:

– Science and Technology

– Arts and Education

– Management and Social Sciences

– Law

– Medical and Health Sciences

Our programs are designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to succeed in their chosen careers.

Why Choose Lead City University?

Lead City University is an excellent choice for students who want to pursue higher education. Our university offers:

– A conducive learning environment that fosters academic excellence

– Experienced and qualified faculty members who are dedicated to teaching and research

– State-of-the-art facilities that support learning and innovation

– A vibrant campus community that promotes student development and growth

How to Apply

If you’re interested in applying to Lead City University, you can follow these steps:

– Visit our website at www.admissions.lcu.edu.ng

– Fill out the online application form

– Upload the required documents, including your UTME result and O’level certificates

– Pay the application fee

Contact Us

If you have any questions or need more information about our programs, please don’t hesitate to contact us. You can reach us through:

– Email: admissions@lcu.edu.ng

– Phone: +234 815 331 8708, 0815 331 8709, 0815 331 8708, 0201 414 3228, 0815 331 8763, 0806 163 3228

– WhatsApp: +234 815 331 8702

We look forward to welcoming you to Lead City University!

Studying at Lead City University offers several benefits, including:

– Access to quality education and training

– Opportunities to develop your skills and competencies

– A supportive and inclusive learning environment

– A vibrant campus community that promotes student development and growth

In conclusion, Lead City University is an excellent choice for students who want to pursue higher education.
LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY (LCU) RELEASES ADMISSION FORM FOR 2025/2026 ACADEMIC SESSION
July 10, 2025
Marvellous
Private Universities
0 Comments

LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY (LCU) RELEASES ADMISSION FORM FOR 2025/2026 ACADEMIC SESSION

Admissions Now Open at Lead City University

Are you ready to begin your university journey? Lead City University is excited to announce that admissions are now open for the 2025/26 academic session. With a UTME score of 150, you can secure your spot at Lead City University and pursue your dream course.

About Lead City University

Lead City University is a reputable institution that prioritizes academic excellence, innovation, and student development. Our university offers a wide range of accredited undergraduate programs designed to shape tomorrow’s leaders in various fields.

Courses Offered

We offer a variety of courses in different fields, including:

– Science and Technology

– Arts and Education

– Management and Social Sciences

– Law

– Medical and Health Sciences

Our programs are designed to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to succeed in their chosen careers.

Why Choose Lead City University?

Lead City University is an excellent choice for students who want to pursue higher education. Our university offers:

– A conducive learning environment that fosters academic excellence

– Experienced and qualified faculty members who are dedicated to teaching and research

– State-of-the-art facilities that support learning and innovation

– A vibrant campus community that promotes student development and growth

How to Apply

If you’re interested in applying to Lead City University, you can follow these steps:

– Visit our website at www.admissions.lcu.edu.ng

– Fill out the online application form

– Upload the required documents, including your UTME result and O’level certificates

– Pay the application fee

Contact Us

If you have any questions or need more information about our programs, please don’t hesitate to contact us. You can reach us through:

– Email: admissions@lcu.edu.ng

– Phone: +234 815 331 8708, 0815 331 8709, 0815 331 8708, 0201 414 3228, 0815 331 8763, 0806 163 3228

– WhatsApp: +234 815 331 8702

We look forward to welcoming you to Lead City University!

Studying at Lead City University offers several benefits, including:

– Access to quality education and training

– Opportunities to develop your skills and competencies

– A supportive and inclusive learning environment

– A vibrant campus community that promotes student development and growth

In conclusion, Lead City University is an excellent choice for students who want to pursue higher education.

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"Across the world, most people focus on attacking radical Islamist groups themselves, but they often ignore a critical question: Who is funding and creating these extremists?

According to multiple reports—including those by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), U.S. Department of the Treasury, and EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (TESAT)—a significant amount of terror financing comes through charities, NGOs, and religious institutions that operate from countries that project a secular, peaceful, and modern image internationally.

For example:

• Investigations have highlighted flows of money from wealthy Gulf states into madrassas and radical networks in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and other poorer Muslim-majority countries.

• According to FATF greylist and blacklist reports, countries like Pakistan have been repeatedly flagged for failing to curb such financing. Yet, the original funding sources often come from donors based in far richer, politically stable countries.

• A Carnegie Endowment study also showed how some Gulf-based charitable networks indirectly supported extremist ideology abroad while maintaining a respectable face at home.

These sponsoring nations keep their global reputation clean, attract billions from tourism and foreign investment, and yet part of that wealth quietly sustains radicalization in economically weaker states like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, and beyond.

Suppose the international community truly wants to end extremist violence. In that case, it must cut the root—the financial and ideological sponsors—rather than just trimming the branches and leaves by going after foot soldiers alone."

- Ashu Bhardwaj
@jaihind1624

By the constitution, I had to inaugurate or prorogue the National Assembly on June 4 1999. The most important officer in the National Assembly is the Senate President and that office had been zoned to the South East. And here was where Atiku Abubakar, my Vice President, first showed his hand and his character.

Without seeking my view or approval, he started planning the installation of Chuba Okadigbo as the Senate President. I did a background check on Chuba including his past as a student and made enquiries about hin in the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) under Shagari and no one would recommend him for the post of Senate President.

I left Atiku to go on his chase while I carried out a meticulous and detailed investigation and background check on each Senator from the South East. The one that appeared most appointable was Evan Enwerem.

I canvassed the Senate across the board for his election and he was elected. Atiku did not expect it and he felt sore. He bagan to strategise for Enwerem to be removed and Chuba Okadigbo to be installed.

His strategy worked because I was at Abuja airport to receive a visiting Head of State when news reached me that the Senate had mpeached Enwerem and elected Okadigbo.

I was not perturbed. I came to understand from some Senators including Florence Ita Giwa, who later became my Special Adviser/Liaison Officer to the National Assembly, that Atiku distributed US$5,000 each to some Senators to carry out the "coup".

That was the beginning of bribing the legislature to carry out a particular line of action to suit or satisfy the purpose or desire of an individual or group. The National Assembly had tasted blood and they would continue to want more.

From the day I nominated Atiku to be my Vice; he set his mind not for any good, benefit or service of the country, but on furiously planning to upstage, supplant or remove me at all costs and to take my place. That was what I brought him for, but he was impatient and over ambitious. He was not ready to learn and to wait. Pity!

His marabout, who predicted that despite being elected as Governor, he would not be sworn in as a Governor, which happened, also assured him that he would take over from me in a matter of months rather than years.

All his plans, appointments of people and his actions were towards actualusation of his marabout's prediction. Once, I realised his intention and programme, I watched him like a hawk without giving any indication of what I knew and letting down my guard.

I could not succumb to the distraction, diversion and malevolence of an ambitious but unwise deputy.

SOURCE : MY WATCH, VOLUME 2 BY EX PRESIDENT OLUSEGUN OBASANJO