Step-by-Step: The Catholic Church after the death of a Pope

1. Confirmation of Death

The Camerlengo (Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church) officially confirms the pope’s death.
Traditionally, he gently calls the pope’s baptismal name three times. If there's no response, he declares the pope dead.

2. Destruction of the Fisherman’s Ring

The Fisherman’s Ring, a signet used to seal official documents, is broken by the Camerlengo in the presence of cardinals.
This prevents its misuse and symbolizes the end of the pope’s authority.

3. Official Announcement

The Vatican makes an official public announcement.
Bells may toll and mourning customs begin, including the flying of flags at half-staff in some places.

4. Nine Days of Mourning –

A period of official mourning lasts nine days, during which Masses are offered for the repose of the pope’s soul.
The body is prepared and displayed in St. Peter’s Basilica for public veneration.

5. Burial

The pope is traditionally buried in the crypt beneath St. Peter’s Basilica (though he may request another resting place).
The body is usually placed in three coffins: wood, lead, and another wooden coffin, each placed inside the other.

6. Sede Vacante (Vacant See)

During this time, all governance of the Church is paused, except for routine matters handled by the Camerlengo.
No new appointments or major decisions can be made until a new pope is elected.

7. Preparation for the Conclave

The College of Cardinals gathers in Rome.
After at least 15 days but no more than 20 days following the pope’s death, the conclave begins to elect a new pope.
Only cardinals under 80 years old are eligible to vote.

8. The Conclave

Held in the Sistine Chapel under strict secrecy.
Voting continues until a candidate receives two-thirds majority.
After a successful vote, the elected cardinal is asked: “Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff?”
If he says yes, he chooses a papal name.

9. The New Pope is Announced

The cardinal proto-deacon steps onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica and declares:
“Habemus Papam!” (We have a Pope!)
The new pope then appears and gives his first Urbi et Orbi blessing.

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