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WHAT IS POSTRATE CANCER
Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland located in the male reproductive system. The prostate gland produces fluid that helps nourish and protect sperm.

Types of Prostate Cancer
1. Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, accounting for about 90% of cases.
2. Small cell carcinoma: A rare and aggressive type.
3. Sarcoma: A rare type that originates in the connective tissue.

Causes and Risk Factors
1. Age: Risk increases with age, especially after 50.
2. Family history: Having a first-degree relative (father or brother) with prostate cancer increases risk.
3. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase risk.
4. Ethnicity: African American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.

Symptoms
1. Urinary problems: Difficulty starting or stopping urination, weak urine flow.
2. Painful urination: Pain or burning sensation while urinating.
3. Blood in urine or semen: Presence of blood in urine or semen.
4. Pain in the back, hips, or chest: Pain or stiffness in these areas.

Diagnosis
1. Digital rectal exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate.
2. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: A blood test that measures PSA levels.
3. Biopsy: A procedure that removes tissue samples from the prostate.

Treatment Options
1. Active surveillance: Monitoring the cancer without immediate treatment.
2. Surgery: Removing the prostate gland (prostatectomy).
3. Radiation therapy: Using radiation to kill cancer cells.
4. Hormone therapy: Reducing testosterone levels to slow cancer growth.

Prevention and Early Detection
1. Regular screening: Discuss screening options with your doctor.
2. Healthy lifestyle: Maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, and eat a balanced diet.
3. Genetic testing: Consider genetic testing if you have a family history.

If you have concerns about prostate cancer, consult with your healthcare provider.